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c. H1-B Visas:
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1) Self Assessment folder
www.ns.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/english/career/pathways/look.htm
www.nextsteps.org
jobhuntersbible.com/counseling/counseling.shtml
worksearch.gc.ca/cgi-bin/forms/transferable_skills.cgi
www.mazemaster.on.ca/all.htm
homearts.com/depts/relat/01eqqab5.htm
http://jobhuntersbible.com/counseling/counseling.shtml
http://homearts.com/depts/relat/01eqqab5.htm

2) Labour Market folder
strategis.ic.gc.ca
www.toronto-hrdc.sto.org
www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/common/lmi.shtml
www.ele-spe.org
www.cdnbusinessdirectory.com/Ontario/
www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/JobFutures/english/index.htm
www.workinfonet.ca/usertest/link.html?newlang=en&newcatno=4&sub=1&dis=off
workplace.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/direct.htm
www.hrdc-drhc.gc.ca/career-carriere/index.html
www.eoa-hrdc.com/3519/menu/occnoc.stm

3) Job Search
www.mapquest.com
www.yellow.ca
www.infospace.com/canada/
canada411.sympatico.ca

4) Àâ ÇåÆÃ Á¤º¸¸¦ ÇÏ´Â °³ÀÎȸ»çÀÇ »çÀÌÆ® µéÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Active Canada - www.actijob.com
Canada-Wide - www.canada-wide.com
Canadian Career Page
- www.canadiancareers.com
Careerclick.com
CareerExchange - www.careerexchange.com
GLOBEcareers.com - www.globecareers.com
jobSAT - www.jobsat.com
Netjobs - www.hetjobs.com
À̸ðµç ¸®½ºÆ® µéÀº ´ÙÀ½ÀÇ »çÀÌÆ®¿¡¼­µµ ãÀ»¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù. ºÏ¸¶Å© ÇϽñ⸦....
http://www.publib.edmonton.ab.ca
¾ÆÁÖ Áß¿äÇÑ »çÀÌÆ®°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ¸ç ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ·£µùÈÄ ¸¹ÀÌ Á¢¼ÓÇÏ½Ã°Ô µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

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ij³ª´ÙÀÇ jobÀº Çѱ¹°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ÁöÀο¡ ÀÇÇÑ ¼Ò°³¿Í head hunting agent¸¦ ÅëÇØ ÀÌ·ç¾î Áø´Ù. Çѱ¹°ú´Â ´Þ¸® ½Å¹®±¤°í¸¦ ÅëÇÑ ±¸Á÷ÀÌ ½±Áö ¾ÊÀ¸¹Ç·Î ÁöÀÎÀÌ ¾ø´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â head hunting service¸¦ ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁ´Ù. head hunterµéÀº Ãë¾÷¿¡ °üÇÑ Àü¹®°¡·Î¼­ °¢ÀÚ ÀڽŵéÀÇ ºÐ¾ß°¡ ÀÖ´Ù. Å« head hunting company¿¡´Â ¸ðµç Àü°øÀÇ head hunterµéÀÌ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç head hunterµéÀº ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ÀÌÀÍÀ» ±Ø´ëÈ­Çϱâ À§Çؼ­ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ client¿¡°Ô ±¸Á÷ÀÚµéÀ» ¼Ò°³½ÃÄÑÁØ´Ù. ±¸Á÷ÀÚ¿¡°Ô ¼Ò°³ÇÒ¶§ ±× jobÀÇ duty¿¡ ¸Â´Â »ç¶÷À» º¸³»¾ß È®·üÀÌ ³ô¾ÆÁö¹Ç·Î È®·üÀ» ³ôÀ̱â À§Çؼ­´Â ±¸Á÷ÀÚµéÀÌ ¿Ã¹Ù¸£°Ô resume¸¦ ÀÛ¼ºÇß´ÂÁö ÀÎÅͺäÁغñ´Â Àß µÇ´ÂÁö Á¡°ËÀ» ÇØÁֹǷΠÁÁÀº head hunter¸¦ ±¸Çϴ°ÍÀÌ ±¸Á÷À» À§ÇÑ Áö¸§±æÀ̶ó ÇÒ¼öÀÖ´Ù.

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Headhunting Agent List :»çÀÌÆ® ¸ñ·Ï>
http://www.procom.ca/
http://www.isteq.com/ (Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÌ °æ¿µ)
http://www.dgsinfo.com/
http://www.xycorp.com/
http://www.isgjobs.com/en/
http://www.globalrecruit.com/
http://www.w5.net - James Lee(Çѱ¹ÀÎ 1.5¼¼)¸¦ ãÀ¸¼¼¿ä

[»çÀÌÆ® º¸Ãæ¼³¸í]
http://www.procom.ca/
PROCOM has an enviable reputation among the IT consulting community as "The Contractors Company". For over 20 years, we have been finding high-quality jobs for our contractors in a fair and ethical manner. Information Technology is our specialty and we have a solid understanding of the market across Canada, as well as in the US.

Our ranking as the 6th largest IT Professional Services firm in Canada (Financial Post, March 1999) is evidence of our success. We are a performance-based company, holding the status as the largest Canadian contracting firm with a growing market share in the US. PROCOM currently represents over 1500 contractors on assignment throughout North America.

http://www.isteq.com/ - Çѱ¹ÀÎÀÌ °æ¿µÇÏ´Â Agent.

http://www.dgsinfo.com/
Ajilon Canada has been providing Information Technology staffing solutions since 1978. We have worked with thousands of the most talented IT professionals in Canada and have developed lasting business relationships with clients across the country.
Today we are the best IT staffing firm in the industry.
Building on our ability to recruit technical talent, we have extended our services to include Technology-based Professional Services including Management Consulting, e-Business Solutions and Software Quality Assurance and Testing.
Our Permanent and Contract Staffing Solutions help clients find the technical expertise they require.

http://www.xycorp.com/
Xycorp Inc., Established in 1974, places experienced IT Professionals looking for permanent or contract positions in all operating system environments. As a client seeking IT expertise Xycorp searches the globe on your behalf to find the right individuals to match your skills and cultural requirements. As an IT Professional, whether you currently live in Canada or aboad, finding the right job with the right company and living in a place you and your family really love is very important. We invite you to check out our web-site and call us today.

http://www.isgjobs.com/en/
Company Overview:
Computer Horizons ISG is a subsidiary of Computer Horizons Corp., founded in 1969 and headquartered in Mountain Lakes, New Jersey. We are a global organization with over 50 offices worldwide, including Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom and Germany, and are ideally positioned to serve the needs of clients and IT professionals in all locations around the world.
Computer Horizons Corp. (CHC) became a publicly held corporation in 1972 (NASDAQ: CHRZ). Approximately 30 million shares are currently outstanding. Complete financials, including SEC forms 10K and 10-Q are available upon request. Revenues in 1999 were US$538 million, making CHC one of the largest Information Technology service firms in North America. CHC is financially sound and has earned and maintained an AAA1 rating from Dun & Bradstreet.
CHC has been repeatedly recognized by such leading publications as FORBES, Integration Age, Business Week, and Business Software Review, and identified as one of the best-managed companies in America. In September 1999, CHC was named to Deloitte & Touche's prestigious "Fast 50" Program as a result of the company's increase in revenues of 198 percent over the five-year period between 1994 to 1998. The "Fast 50" program is a ranking of the 50 fastest growing technology companies in North America.
As part of Computer Horizons ISG's expanding efforts to serve customers more effectively, we currently have offices in Calgary, Ottawa, Toronto and Vancouver with key additions planned in Montreal and Halifax.
Since commencing operations in Canada in 1990, Computer Horizons ISG's main focus has been the provision of Information Technology professionals for client organizations. At Computer Horizons ISG, we specialize only in IT staffing and eBusiness Solutions. This specialization has allowed Computer Horizons ISG to become one of the largest, most respected IT staffing and solutions firms in the country.

http://www.globalrecruit.com/
With more than ten years of experience, GCG has a proven track record and a long list of established clients ?key corporations, both large and small, that understand our dedication to their business and our crucial role in their successes.

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1. If offered to you, how long do you plan to stay in this role?

I approach every new job with a long-term view. I would like to think that I can make a positive contribution to XYZ Corp for the foreseeable future. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Recruiting, hiring and training a new employee is an expensive process and represents a major investment by an employer. The interviewer wants to ensure that your goals are compatible with the firm's investment. 

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2. What kind of salary are you seeking?

Answer1: I would expect a salary which reflects the experience and qualifications that I bring to the role. What range do you have in mind?

Answer 2: I've got a strong background in this industry and my skills are a perfect match for this role. I would expect my compensation to be at the upper end of the position's salary band. Can you tell me what that salary band is?

Answer 3: Based on the information I have about the position, a salary in the range 28,000-32,000 would reflect the experience and expertise that I would bring to the role.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

When preparing for the interview you should try to discover the salary range for the job from the recruitment consultant or human resources department. This information can put you in a strong position when the time comes to negotiate a salary.

Unless pressed, you should not give a specific number here. Instead you should specify your value relative to a 'salary band'. Most firms have salary bands for each position. You should aim to negotiate a salary towards the peak of the range for the position in which you are interviewing.

If you are pushed for a specific salary, respond with a target range. This will help lay the groundwork for future negotiations. You should qualify yourself by specifying that your answer is based on the information that you have to hand about the job. Do not give the actual range that would satisfy you, as your prospective employer may try to bargain you down at a later point. For example, if your target salary range is 26,000 - 30,000, you should specify a higher range such as 28,000-32,000.

I think that determination, a willingness to work hard and a desire to excel in everything you do are key attributes for a successful employee in a company like XYZ Corp. A successful employee would also need to handle pressure well, be a great communicator and an excellent team member. These are attributes that have helped me succeed in my past positions and ones that I would like to apply in XYZ Corp.. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to know if you're prepared to give what it takes to contribute to the firm. The question also alludes to your understanding of the firm's ethos, and how well you will fit in.

Use this question to highlight the qualities that you bring to the firm.

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3. What do you think it takes to be successful in an organization like this?

I think that determination, a willingness to work hard and a desire to excel in everything you do are key attributes for a successful employee in a company like XYZ Corp. A successful employee would also need to handle pressure well, be a great communicator and an excellent team member. These are attributes that have helped me succeed in my past positions and ones that I would like to apply in XYZ Corp.. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to know if you're prepared to give what it takes to contribute to the firm. The question also alludes to your understanding of the firm's ethos, and how well you will fit in.

Use this question to highlight the qualities that you bring to the firm.

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4. What do you know about this organization?

I know that XYZ Corp. has been in existence for four years. It was founded by John Rush in his garage and he has built it into the third largest office supplies firm in the state with aspirations to make it number one within two years. It's renowned as an ambitious and highly progressive company and I believe it has a very bright future. I also like the fact that XYZ Corp isn't a company that rests on its laurels. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to know how hungry you are for this job. If you haven't even prepared for the interview, by doing the most basic research, then the chances of you getting the job are close to zero. You can be sure that other candidates will have done their research.

Check out the firm's website (if they have one) and business directories in your local library. You should also contact the firm itself, through their Public Relations department.

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5. What do you know about the position you've applied for?

What duties do you think this job entails?

The Media Marketing Co-ordinator reports to the Marketing Director. Her role is to co-ordinate all media advertising, particularly print, radio, and television. The Co-ordinator works with Media agencies to profile advertising opportunities, then, working within a strict budget, she organizes cross-media advertising campaigns. An important aspect of the role is to disseminate the customer response to the adverts in order to measure its success and thus improve future campaigns.

At my last job in ABC & Co I worked closely with several different media agencies, including some that specialized in new media platforms such as the Internet. I also gained invaluable experience as a member of the team that established ABC & Co as a national brand by launching ABC DooDaa nationwide. I feel that I can bring this expertise to the Media Marketing Co-ordinator role and help XYZ Corp achieve it's goal of doubling it's customer base every year for the next three years.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

You should gather as much information as possible about the job you're applying for. If you don't even know what the job is, how can you possibly claim to be the best candidate for it? Researching the position demonstrates initiative, determination and good preparation and is a great way to impress the interviewer at the start of the interview.

When answering this question make sure to include references to your skills and how they match the requirements of the job.

You can gather more information about the position from the location where you learnt about the opening - a job center / recruitment poster etc. If you have the name of an appropriate contact, for example a person in the firm's Human Resources department, you should contact them and request further information. You should also gather information concerning the role in general from a careers directory in a library or on the Internet.

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6. What do you know about this industry?

The telecommunications industry is currently going through a period of rapid expansion. The major industry players are positioning themselves for the delivery of the next generation of telecommunication services. New developments in mobile, broadband and satellite communications mean that it's an incredibly exciting time to be in the industry. I've no doubt that the telecommunications industry will be a driving force of the worldwide economy in the 21st century. I know that XYZ Corp intends to be a frontrunner in that expansion. For that reason, this job is highly attractive. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This question assesses the depth of your knowledge about the industry in question. If you are new to the area, you may have to research this question before you attend the interview. You should not spend a long time answering the question. After all, the interviewer already knows the answer. Give a brief synopsis of the industry and where you believe the firm sits within the industry.

Use this question to inform the interviewer of your desire to work in this industry. Try and inject your enthusiasm into the answer.

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7. Why would you like to work for me?

I've been aware of your reputation for some time. You're regarded as an innovator within the industry and beyond. I appreciate that your team's success is due to a number of factors, not least of which is hard work. I'm an excellent team player, I'm a very good problem solver, and I work hard to get the job done. For these reasons, I'm confident I'd be an asset to your group. I hope that my experience shows I'm suitably qualified to fulfill the position.

I know that your position within this firm speaks for itself. My ideal manager is someone that fosters excellence, innovation, and success, as well as personal and professional growth. It's widely recognized that XYZ Corp's strongest asset is its staff thanks to its strong belief in training and development. For these reasons, this is a highly desirable role.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

There are two approaches to answering this question. If you know the interviewer personally or by reputation you can allude to qualities in him that you respect and the complimentary qualities you could bring to him and his team. If you do not know the interviewer, answer this question by referring to how your qualities would match those of a suitable, hypothetical manager. 

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8. What challenges do you think you'll face in this job?

What problems do you think you'll face in this job?

Having worked in a similar role at ABC & Co, I expect that this job will present regular deadlines to meet, strains on resource availability, conflicting priorities, and budgetary concerns to name but a few issues. These are challenges that I've successfully tackled in the past and I'm sure that record would continue here. I relish a challenge and there's nothing that I've seen in this job that intimidates me in any way. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to extract your real fears and apprehensions about the problems you would face in this role. Demonstrate confidence in your own abilities and anticipation rather than apprehension for the job in question

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9. What salary do you think you deserve?

Having worked in the advertising industry for seven years, I bring a valuable combination of expertise, experience and dedication to each new job. I expect that a compensation towards the top of the salary range for this position would adequately reflect the value of my skills. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is similar to the question What kind of salary are you seeking with one significant twist - you are being asked to justify the salary you believe you are worth. Do not panic by the way the question has been framed. As part of the task of selling yourself, you should be fully prepared to highlight your qualities while talking about monetary compensation. 

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10. What is your salary history? Do you expect that pattern to continue?

Answer 1 (Candidate with good salary increases)

In the four years of my employment at ABC & Co I was very happy with my salary growth. My most recent increase was a 15% rise after the successful completion of a year-long project. I feel that the increase reflected my performance and the extra responsibilities I assumed during the course of the project. I hope XYZ Corp is an organization that rewards excellent performances in a similar fashion. Is it?

Answer 2 (Candidate with disappointing salary increases)

My average salary increase during the course of my career has been 6%, although as I moved jobs and assumed extra responsibilities that increase has invariably been higher. Unfortunately I was disappointed with the salary increases at my last job, which averaged 2.5% . This was due to a firm-wide rigid salary structure that I felt did not reward excellent employees over those that made a significantly worse effort. This is one of the reasons that I have decided to look for a job with a more ambitious company where I will be rewarded according to my performance.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to establish the scale of your salary increases during your career and estimate your performance as indicated by your rate of progress. The interviewer is also attempting to gauge your current salary.

This is a very tricky question. If you give specific numbers, they will undoubtedly be used in any salary negotiations that follow. If your salary increases have been disappointing, you must explain the reasons to your interviewer in order to avoid her making incorrect judgments.

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11. What concerns you about this job?

I have no concerns about this job. I believe it closely matches my skill set and is a natural progression in my career. I look forward to the challenge but am confident that I can make a success of this role. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess how well you think this job matches your skills and personality. The more concerns and doubts you have, the more you're telling the interviewer how you're the wrong person for the job. 

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12. What concerns you about this company?

I have no concerns about this company. My research has shown that ABC Corp is dedicated to the development and advancement of its staff. I've also learnt that the benefits package is one of the best within the industry. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess how well you think this company matches your needs and goals. The more concerns and doubts you have, the more you're telling the interviewer how you're the wrong person for the company (and the job). 

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13. How long would it take before you could contribute to this company?

I'd need to get a better idea of the full responsibilities associated with this job, along with an idea of the complexities of each. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

I'd need to understand the full range of responsibilities associated with this job, along with an idea of the complexities of each. 

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14. When would you expect your next promotion?

It's difficult to give an exact time without knowing the personnel structure within XYZ Corp and specifically the line of responsibility associated with this position. However, I'm an ambitious person and through hard work, dedication, and with the guidance of a good manager, I aim to gain my next promotion as soon as possible, ideally ahead of 'normal' timeframes. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a question that could easily catch you out. Be sure not to cross the fine line between ambition and arrogance in your answer. Avoid giving glib answers e.g. 'In three months time', that may reduce your credibility. Try to tell the interviewer how you will achieve your next promotion, e.g. through hard work, rather than when. 

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15. Why are you seeking a new job?

I've worked with ABC & Co for three years. During that time I've achieved all of the goals I set myself and I've enjoyed every minute. Now, however, my aspirations extend beyond those of ABC & Co. I would like to tackle a new challenge in a different environment. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

While this is a straightforward question, you should make sure to accentuate the positive in your answer. Do not tell the interviewer that you're bored with your current job! 

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16. Where do you see this company going?

XYZ Corp is the number three firm in the corporate security sector. The company does not hide the fact that it wants to lead the sector within two years. I believe that the firm can achieve this. It's a young company with a dynamic workforce and a tremendous growth rate. XYZ Corp's bright future make it a very attractive place to work. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to find out how much you know about the firm's future plans and corporate vision - after all, you're interviewing to be part of that vision. If you know about the industry in question this could be a straightforward question to answer. If you don't have the knowledge to hand, contact the firm's Press or Public Relations office. Most firms, even small ones, have corporate mission or policy statements that will help color your answer. 

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17. If you were offered this job, what factors will dictate whether you accept it or not?

I'm at various stages of the interview process with a number of firms at the moment. My preferred position will be in a company that offers a challenging environment, a prospect for promotion, and a rewarding working experience. It's important to me that I work for a company with bright prospects and strong desire for success. Obviously XYZ Corp is one of my preferred companies. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to know what you are looking for in a job, and how well you think the position on offer matches your desires. This is a great opportunity to add value to your own stock by reminding the interviewer that this is not the only job you have applied for. With knowledge that her firm is in competition for your talents, if you are the chosen candidate, the interviewer will know that she must offer an attractive package to you as soon as possible. However, be careful not to sound as if you are bigger than the firm interviewing you.

Do remember, the more firms that are in competition for your signature, the stronger your hand when negotiating.

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18. This is a much bigger company than you've ever worked at. How do you feel about that?

I'm very excited. I've worked at three small or medium sized companies during my career and while there have been different challenges at each, I've always been successful. I'm looking for a new challenge in a large organization where I can apply my talents. This position in XYZ Corp certainly matches what I'm looking for. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to know whether you feel overwhelmed by the position you're applying for or indeed whether you've given the challenges arising from working in a large organization any thought. A sensible reply would show that you believe you have the experience to tackle the position and also that you're excited by the challenge ahead. 

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19. This is a much smaller company than you've ever worked at. How do you feel about that?

It's great. I've learnt a lot working in a large organization and I'm looking forward to applying my knowledge and experience in a smaller arena. I'm under no illusions that the task ahead will be every bit as challenging as my previous role, if not more so, but it's a challenge that I'd relish. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess your approach to a move to a smaller organization. Candidates that convey a belief that they're in for an easier ride or display a laissez-faire attitude will lose credibility rapidly. 

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20. What do you know about our products?

I know that XYZ Soft specialize in the development of software solutions for small and medium sized businesses. The firm's best-selling products are leaders in the field - the XYZ Project Management Tool and the XYZ Personnel Management Tool. I feel that XYZ Soft has a solid product and customer base upon which it can build in the future. I understand that the firm's aim is to develop existing and new products with the aim of breaking into the Corporate sector. It's an ambitious aim but one that I believe XYZ Soft are more than capable of achieving. A major attraction of this position is the opportunity it offers to be a part of the challenging and exciting times ahead at XYZ Soft. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to discover whether you have done the necessary groundwork to lay the foundation for a successful interview or you have been lazy and taken the easy route. This could be a strong indication of your work ethic and future behavior. The interviewer is also trying to assess how genuine your desire to work for this firm is. After all, why would you want to work for a company whose products are unknown to you.

You shouldn't go into too much detail about each and every product here. Demonstrate your knowledge of the firm's major product(s) and how you perceive they fit into the firm's future strategy. You can also use this question to express your strong desire to work for the firm by illustrating a desire to be involved in the development of these and future products.

You can learn about the firm's products from its Public Relations department, its website, a business directory in your local library or even by searching on the Internet.

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21. Why did you apply for this job?

Why do you want this position?

What interests you about this position?

I've worked in the travel industry for five years and I've enjoyed every minute. I'd like to work for XYZ Corp because they are industry leaders and I want to work with the best people and the best products I can. There are exciting times ahead for the firm, particularly in light of the firm's recent announcement that it was expanding it's product range by 25% over the next 24 months. I feel that my drive, creativity and determination will be an asset to the firm and will enable me to succeed in this role. This position would enable me to apply my skills in an exciting and challenging environment. I think this position is a perfect match for my talents and my career goals. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a great chance to sell yourself but don't waste the opportunity by reciting your resume. You should describe the assets you bring with you to the company and express the depth of your interest in this job. Your answer should be direct and unequivocal. Leave the interviewer in no doubt that you are the perfect person for the job. 

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22. What separates this company from our competitors?

ABC Corp spent much of the eighties and nineties among the top seven engineering companies in the state. It is now the undisputed leader in five states with aspirations to become the leading company in the sector countrywide. That tells me that the company is highly ambitious, with a commitment to excellence in every department that enables it to meet, and indeed surpass, its aspirations. ABC Corp is now the company that its competitors aspire to become. That is what separates this company from its competitors. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Don't forget that the interviewer knows the company inside out. You may be lucky enough to escape this question with some general statements that could apply to any company. However, the more pointed your answer, the better the impression you will make. If you've done your homework on this company you should know exactly what separates this company from its competitors

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23. What attracts you to this company?

What interests you about this company?

ABC Corp is a leading national software vendor. It has set itself aggressive targets to achieve in the near to medium term. In particular, the firm aims to become the leading vendor on the Internet within three years. I respect the history of the firm from a small start-up to one of the largest employers in the state. I also respect the principles upon which it has grown. The firm has achieved magnificent results to date and I would like to help it achieve its goals in the future. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

There is not very much to this question. You could use it as an opportunity to demonstrate the research you have performed. Try not to over-extol the virtues of the company as it may be thought insincere

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24. Do you feel overqualified for this job?

I don't think there's such a thing as being over-qualified for a job. Every position brings with it a new environment, new people and new challenges. I feel that the skills I would bring to a new job can only help me to do a better job, and would in no way hinder the challenges I would face. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Don't let this question distress you. It's seldom meant as an indication that the interviewer thinks you're not right for the job, rather it's a 'placed' question to test your response. The interviewer wants you to prove that you will not be bored by the job on offer. Remember, people are seldom perfectly qualified for a job. If you are over-qualified, you should be capable of showing that you will enjoy other challenges that the job presents. 

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25. Do you feel underqualified for this job?

I don't think I'm underqualified to the extent that I will be unable to do the job expected of me. Every job requires some degree of training and I am fully prepared to learn whatever is necessary so I can succeed at my job. Of course I have a wide range of skills that I could bring with me to this position. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Don't let this question distress you. It's seldom meant as an indication that the interviewer thinks you're not right for the job, rather it's a 'placed' question to test your response. The interviewer wants you to prove that you are up to the job on offer. Remember, people are seldom perfectly qualified for a job. If you are under-qualified, you should be capable of showing that you are willing to learn the necessary skills to perform the job. 

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26. What courses/classes have you taken to stay ahead in your field?

I attended weekend computer courses at my local district college for three years. It has changed me from someone who was scared of using a computer into a very competent computer user. My training has enabled me to gain promotion into a senior administrative role in my current job. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Employers like a candidate who has attended additional classes or courses to further their education and career. You will impress your interviewer even more by showing that you have attended courses of your own volition or on your own time. Do not lie when answering this question. School and college results are usually, and easily, verified by employers. Be sure to highlight how your training has directly improved your ability to perform your job. 

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27. What educational goals do you currently have?

I enjoy sailing very much. In the near future I plan to begin studying in order to become a qualified yachtsman. My ultimate goal is to become sufficiently experienced that I could skipper a crew in a competitive race. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The keyword in this question is Goals. In other words, you can respond with an answer that describes an educational achievement you have yet to even commence! Be creative, yet be realistic too. Do not feel compelled to respond with a classroom-based answer. You will gain respect for an unusual answer that demonstrates the desire to attain a skill that will benefit your career

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28. Have you completed your education?

I believe that I've finished my formal school and college education. Right now I'm focusing on my career and on being as good at my job as I possibly can. I enjoy learning and I think it's essential in both personal and career development. Ideally, I hope that the firm I join will encourage growth and learning through in-house and/or external training. I strongly believe that the most important component of learning occurs 'on the job' where you learn from your peers, manager and others around you. In summary, my answer is 'No', I very much hope that my education is not over. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess your attitude towards learning and your willingness to take on board new ideas and new skills. As a new employee in an unfamiliar environment there will be much to learn. You should demonstrate your capacity for learning and your desire to take on new knowledge

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29. What did you like most about college?

I enjoyed many things about college. It was a new challenge and an opportunity for me to expand my horizons both educationally and personally. Perhaps the most enjoyable aspect was the chance to meet new people from different backgrounds. Of course the social aspect of college was immense fun, but I also relished collaborating with other people with different specializations from me. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Use this question as an opportunity to highlight skills you attained or used to good effect in college. Answers referencing education, teamwork or work experience (if it was part of your curriculum) will command respect. 

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30. What did you like least about college?

I enjoyed my college experience so it's difficult to pick out something I didn't enjoy. If I had a chance to change any aspect of my degree program, I'd expand the duration of the work experience program from three months to six or even nine months. I learnt many things during my work experience at ABC Corp that I could never have learnt in a classroom.

Note: This answer would almost guarantee a follow on question from the interviewer: Describe one thing you learnt at ABC Corp that you could not have learnt in a classroom. Make sure you have an answer ready! 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Like all negative questions in an interview, be sure to highlight a positive slant in your answer. Do not be tempted to overly-criticize your place of education, professors etc. Negative comments could tell the interviewer more about you than about the thing you are criticizing. Try to deliver a 'positive negative' answer, i.e. a negative answer which casts you in a positive light. 

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31. What skills do you need to develop most?

It may seem a bit premature, but I would very much like to develop my project management and team leadership skills. I would very much like to take responsibility for a project or team in the next twelve months and I think developing those skills now would make the transition easier. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The hidden question the interviewer is asking you is: What skills do you need to develop most? Be careful answering this question. The best way to answer is by highlighting the skills you already have. A good answer would allude to a skill which would not be expected of someone at your position in the organization. This could demonstrate ambition, forward planning and a desire to learn. 

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32. Do you have any financial qualifications?

Answer 1

Yes, I took a finance module for two semesters in college. I've been surprised how useful my financial knowledge has been during my career. It has helped me schedule project budgets, analyze financial reports and prepare financial projections. There's no doubt that I'm a better manager for having this knowledge.

Answer 2

I haven't had the opportunity to take any formal financial training yet. However I've had an informal training through the various project management roles I've fulfilled. I've gained some very good experience projecting budgets and preparing financial statements and I would feel comfortable undertaking similar duties.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a straightforward question but following the principle of selling yourself, make sure not to answer with a simple 'Yes' or 'No'. You'll waste a great opportunity.

If your answer is 'Yes' then describe, briefly, your qualification and how it has helped you in your career. However if you have had no formal financial qualifications you can still impress the interviewer by describing your 'on the job' training such as being responsible for the budget of a project or even balancing the household budget.

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33. Do you have any IT (Information Technology) qualifications?

Answer 1

Yes, I took a computer applications module for two semesters in college. It's helped give me a better knowledge of how computers, operating systems and a wide range of software packages work. I've been able to apply this knowledge when tackling problems.

Answer 2

I haven't had the opportunity to take any formal IT training yet. However, I've used computers extensively at every job I've had and I'm very much at home using a word processor, spreadsheet, database and project management software. I have a computer at home too which I use to track my family's finances and to access the Internet. I'm very comfortable using computers.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a straightforward question but following the principle of selling yourself, make sure not to answer with a simple Yes or No. You'll waste a great opportunity.

If your answer is Yes then describe, briefly, your qualification and how it has helped you in your career. However if you have had no formal financial qualifications you can still impress the interviewer by describing your on the job training such as being responsible for the budget of a project or even balancing the household budget.

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34. Would you object to attending training seminars in your own time?

Not at all. I'm looking for a company with an active training program, and I'm always willing to attain new skills. Other company's I've interviewed with host training within the working day. Is it XYZ Corp company policy to always hold training outside of working hours? 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess you attitude towards training, and the sacrifices you're willing to make for your career and for the company. Firm's like their employees to be flexible in regard to training, especially if you usually work inflexible hours. If you have reservations about out-of-hours training, volley the ball back into the interviewer's court by asking her about the firm's training policy, particularly if you compare it with another firm that you're interviewing with. 

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35. Why did you select your college or university?

I was glad to be accepted at my number one choice college. I spent quite a lot of time researching colleges with biochemistry faculties. It became obvious that this college commanded a tremendous reputation for its pioneering work and is one of the best in its field in the country.  

Advice from the recruitment consultant

In most cases, the honest answer will suffice. Avoid obvious clangers such as 'Because I heard it had a great party scene' or 'To get away from my parents'. If your answer needs an emergency repair, highlight the strengths your college possesses. Your interviewer will (rightly!) assume that those qualities were impressed upon you during your education. 

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36. What are your strengths? How do they help you?

I'm well motivated, I've got a strong desire to succeed, and I'm always ready and willing to learn new information and skills. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Resist the temptation to expound your greatest qualities to the interviewer. Keep your answer brief, naming no more than three of your qualities. Know when to stop or you will invalidate your entire answer. 

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37. What are your weaknesses? How do you overcome them?

I'm always ready to learn new skills and adapt my methods to become better at what I do. If I become aware of a weakness in my knowledge base or in the way I perform my duties, I do my best to fill that gap whether through formal training, informal training, or directly from my colleagues. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Avoid directly answering this question, if possible. Naming a weakness will only invite a response like If you're aware of this weakness, why haven't you taken corrective measures to fix it? A popular approach is to name a positive weakness such as I'm too persistent or I'm too ambitious. Make sure that your answer is sincere and not too glib, or you will be revealing a weakness without even knowing it. 

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38. What makes you think you're qualified for this job?

I studied for a diploma in computers which I enjoyed immensely. In my last job I was able to apply knowledge I'd gained on the course to do my job better. I streamlined many of the department's manual tasks by moving them from paper to a computer-based solution. I've also got an advanced sailing certificate. This has helped me build many team-working skills. When I worked at XYZ Corp I voluntarily attended a series of in-house personal development training programs. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is an opportunity not only to specify your relevant educational and professional qualifications but also to describe their relevance to this job. A 'qualification' in the context of this question is not restricted to a certificate/diploma/degree. Feel free to include relevant work and/or leisure experience which makes you a better candidate for this job. 

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39. Tell me about yourself.

I'm an ambitious, self-motivated account executive and I'm very happy in my life right now. I'm looking to change jobs because I feel I've achieved all of the goals I set out for myself when I embarked in my previous role, six years ago. I've still got a strong appetite for success and I'm looking for a job that will provide fresh challenges and rewards. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a deceptively difficult question to answer. The key to answer this question is staying focused on your primary objective here - selling yourself as an employee. With this in mind, answer this question in light of your overall interview strategy. Don't describe your record collection, your favorite movies or you pets' names. Do, for example, describe what motivates your career and drives your passions. 

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40. Do you like to work as part of a team or alone. Why?

I work very well when I'm part of a team, I value the ability to bounce ideas off other people and also provide my input, whenever it's wanted. Of course I'm more than capable of working alone whenever I'm required to do so too. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Team-work is an important aspect of any job. You should be capable of convincing your employer that you're a team player, while at the same time demonstrating to her that you are capable of carrying yourself and your workload and that you will not be dependent on others to do your own job. 

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41. What motivates you?

I need very little motivation in work or any other aspect of my life. I have a strong natural drive and I take great pride in my work. I want to be successful at everything I do and I will not settle for second best. That is all the motivation I need. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Employers love self-motivators. If you make the interviewer think that you must be constantly motivated in order to get the job done, you will seriously harm your interview chances. Be unequivocal in your response. 

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42. How do you handle stress?

I'm not the type of person that becomes stressed very easily. However, if in an extreme circumstance I did start to become stressed, I would look to the cause of it and attempt to identify a solution. I would certainly not be afraid to look to others for their input and assistance. In a working environment I think stress comes around from pressurized situations. In such cases the best solution is often one of situation management until the crisis abates. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a difficult question to answer. You shouldn't respond that you've never been stressed, because the interviewer will wonder whether you've ever been put in a challenging or stressful position. On the other hand, you shouldn't describe how your therapist and a course of strong drugs help you overcome your stress. 

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43. I'm worried about your lack of _____ experience.

 don't feel you've anything to worry about. While I've only been a designated team leader for one year, I've spent eighteen months as the most experienced member of the team and in many situations I effectively led the team. I very much enjoy team management and am confident in my own abilities. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is challenging you. Don't worry. In the hands of a competent interviewee, this is an opportunity to shine. A good approach to answering this question is to politely disagree with the interviewer, show how you do have the experience required, and then finish with a statement showing how hungry you are to gain more experience. 

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44. What do you like to do in your spare time?

I enjoy participating in and watching most sports. I discovered golf at college and find it a great way to relax and spend time with friends. I also enjoy playing football and tennis. I was captain of the school swimming team and I try to keep that up as best I can too. I also enjoy listening to music, watching movies, and being around my friends. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Employers like rounded employees that have a balanced life with interests out of the workplace. Believe it or not the perfect employee does not work eighteen hours a day, seven days a week and employers realize that. They're looking for an employee that will spend a number of successful years at the company, not someone who will burnout in no time.

Most honest answers are acceptable here. Be sure to include outdoor and team pursuits. Someone whose only pastimes are playing computer games and listening to their personal stereo may give the perception that they're insular in nature and would not fit in well in a team environment.

Any pursuits that can be perceived to bring benefit to the workplace (such as captain of a sports team) are greatly respected. 

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45. You've been in the same firm for a number of years. How do you think you'll adjust to a new one?

I'm looking forward to the challenge. Even in this day and age there is a lot of value in staying in the one company for a prolonged period of time. In my current role I have had an opportunity to work with many people throughout the company and build great working and personal relationships. In addition, I had enough time in each area I worked to make a real and lasting difference.

Also, I'd also like to think the firm's decision to retain my services for so long is indicative of the esteem in which I'm held. However, it's now time for me to move on so I can take the skills I've attained at ABC Corp and apply them in a new environment.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a great question to answer. The interviewer is offering you a clean slate upon which to espouse the benefits that a prolonged stay at one firm allows you to bring to your next role. If you've been at one firm for a long period, you must be prepared for this question. 

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46. How often do you miss deadlines?

As infrequently as possible. In the reality it may be impossible to achieve every single deadline, however in my experience good planning and project management can alleviate late deliveries. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a difficult question as the interviewer is asking you to provide a response that could reflect badly on your time, project or resource management. As with all negative questions, the key here is to respond in the affirmative, by providing an answer that shows a positive side to your business skills. 

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47. Why should we hire you?

I believe that I've got the skills and enthusiasm required to fulfill the role that's available. I think I'd be a valuable asset to the firm and, from my experience, I'm sure I'd make a positive contribution to the company's ambitions. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Keep your answer short and to the point. If you're asked this question at the end of an interview, your answer should summarize the points you've made during the course of the interview. If you're asked this question at the start, you should set out your assets, and then go on to demonstrate them as the interview progresses. 

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48. How do you measure 'success'?

I measure my own personal success by how well I've achieved the goals I set myself. I feel I've been successful to date - I attended my college of choice, I graduated with a degree, and I've spent three successful years at XYZ Bros. The key in being successful is to set challenging yet attainable goals, while always remaining focused on what you hope to achieve. My current goal is to succeed at this interview. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

There is a subtle difference between this question and How do you define 'success'? The former asks what measurements you use to measure your own personal success. The latter asks what it means to you for something to be successful.

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49. In what kind of work environment are you most productive?

I think the modern workplace is so varied, it's important to be capable of productivity in a diverse range of environments. My favorite environment would be one with good communication and great teamwork, but that's usually something you must work to build, rather than expect to find it ready-made. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

At first appearances this may seem like a great opportunity to espouse how well you perform in your favorite working environment. But if you go down that road with your answer, what signals are you sending the interviewer about your ability to work in different environments? What if this role is in a completely different environment to the ideal situation you've just described?

The best bet is to play it safe by prefixing any answer with the statement that you work well in every environment

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50. How do you handle pressure?

I'm the type of person who genuinely revels when under pressure. I enjoy the challenge and the adrenalin rush when the chips are down and a big effort is required. Through good management and work practices I try to avoid a situation becoming pressurized, however when I am under pressure I'm always confident that I can complete the job successfully. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This may seem similar to the question: How do you handle stress?. There is a subtle difference: Stress is a difficulty or strain felt from within. Pressure is a strong external influence. We may not all feel stressful, but pressure is an expectation in many modern jobs. Pressure could come from your customers, your boss, or even your colleagues.

Answering this question in the negative, e.g. I'm never under pressure may suggest that you avoid pressure and the responsibility that if often entails. It also tells the interviewer that your reactions, if pressure is applied, are unknown even by yourself.

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51. How do you respond to criticism?

I respond very well to criticism, especially if it's constructive. Accepting constructive criticism and advice from colleagues is one of the best ways to learn. I'd like to think that I learn quickly from any advice that I'm given. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to assess your willingness to take advice and to learn from others. She is also trying to discover how manageable you will be, and whether you can cope with answering to authority. 

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52. Name three adjectives that can be best used to describe you.

Respond with any three of the following or any similar adjectives you care to mention:Reliable, hard-working, conscientious, innovative, smart, intelligent, communicative, organized, diligent, energetic, likable. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a tough question made easier through preparation. The interviewer will learn most about you by considering why you chose the three adjectives you did - and not any others - rather than what those adjectives actually are.

Avoid adjectives with a possible double-edged sword such as ambitious.

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53. What are your hobbies?

I have run a successful film club for the last 3 years. I started it as a way to meet new people who share my love of movies. We now have more than a hundred members and a waiting list to join. It's been a terrific excuse to socialize with people I would not otherwise have met. I also enjoy working with other organizations such as distributors, film clubs and local film festivals to show interesting and foreign films that would otherwise have been missed by the local multiplexes. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This may seem an identical question to What do you do in your spare time? However there is a slight distinction. Specifically: a hobby is a specific activity or pastime in which you participate regularly. Listening to music or watching TV are not hobbies, merely things you do.

Individuals with hobbies, particular an unusual one, are regarded as diverse and well-rounded with a healthy outlook on life. These are attractive personal traits valued by many modern employers. Hobbies that can also demonstrate a business or personal development benefit are of most value.

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54. What type of a work environment are you seeking?

I'm looking for a challenging working environment in which my abilities will be regularly tested. It's important to me that I work in an environment where teamwork is fostered and I can learn and share with those around me. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is once again trying to learn more about you, than the actual work environment you're seeking. The reason the question is framed this way is because most employees will describe an environment which best matches their talents. Focus on keywords such as 'challenging', 'innovative', 'hardworking' and 'team-driven'. 

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55. Do you like to be praised? Why?

It's nice to be praised but it's certainly not something I rely on to motivate me. If I'm praised it means that I must be doing the right thing. But often some constructive criticism is more helpful. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to discover whether you require frequent praise and attention in order to drive yourself and therefore require close supervision or whether you're a self-starter that can be left to get on with the job without constant attention. Every manager's time is precious - if you're a constant drain on that time then you may be a liability to the firm.

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56. Do you like to be criticized? Why?

I don't enjoy being criticized but I certainly recognize the usefulness of constructive criticism. It's an invaluable way to learn what I'm doing wrong and to find out how to improve. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to discover whether you are open to another person's opinions and suggestions. This question relates to your manageability and your communication skills. 

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57. Name three adjectives that best describe your ideal work colleague.

It's difficult to think of an 'ideal' work colleague. I'd like to think I work well with most people. If I had to choose three adjectives I'd say: Communicative, intelligent, likeable. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

If you thought being asked to give three adjectives to describe yourself was difficult, this variation is arguably harder. The key to answering this question is to hedge your answer with a preface declaring that you think you work well with most people, then give three adjectives that would describe the best employee / colleague you can think of. The qualities you look for in a colleague will be seen to reflect your own qualities. 

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58. Do you fear criticism? Why?

I certainly don't fear being criticized. Constructive criticism is an invaluable way to learn what I'm doing wrong and to find out from supervisors and colleagues how I can improve. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer wants to discover whether you are open to another person's opinions and suggestions. This question relates to your manageability and your communication skills. 

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59. How would your supervisor motivate you?

I'm extremely self-motivated, I don't think that my supervisor would need to do very much in order to motivate me further. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Are you a self-starter or do you need to be pushed by your supervisor in order to produce results? An ideal candidate requires little motivation to proceed with the job. 

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60. What would you do with your life if money was not a concern?

I wouldn't change anything. I enjoy all aspects of my life. I have a good home life and I enjoy my work immensely. It would be very hard to replace the challenges and satisfaction I derive from my work. I'd also miss the camaraderie of my colleagues. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Another way of phrasing this question is, If you could quit tomorrow, would you? The interviewer is trying to assess how much you enjoy working, how dedicated you are to your job and how strong a work ethic you possess. 

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61. Do you interact well with people?

I'm a very social person. I enjoy being around people and I get on very well with people. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The answer here has to be 'Yes'. During the course of your work you will deal with colleagues, clients and/or customers. Social skills are essential in any modern working environment. 

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62. Do you generally get along with your co-workers?

Yes, always. I'm a very social person. I've never had a problem getting along with any co-worker. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The answer here has to be 'Yes'. If you have had problems getting on with colleagues in the past you will need to evaluate the reasons for the bad feelings and address them. You will work with a diverse range of people whichever company you work for. It is essential that you get along with everyone you work with. 

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63. What type of people do you find difficult to get along with?

I'm a very social person. I enjoy being around people and I get on very well with people. I don't think there's any type of people that I don't get along with. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

During the course of your work you will deal with colleagues, clients and/or customers. Social skills are essential in any modern working environment. You should be capable of getting along with everyone. 

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64. What type of people find you difficult to get along with?

I'm a very social person. I enjoy being around people and I get on very well with people. I don't think there's any type of people that don't get along with me. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

During the course of your work you will deal with colleagues, clients and/or customers. Social skills are essential in any modern working environment. You should be capable of getting along with everyone. 

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65. Do you enjoy working?

Of course! I do something I enjoy very much. I've been lucky enough to work with some great people, and each day brings new challenges and new experiences. I'd hate not to enjoy work. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

There is only one answer to this question. It has to be an emphatic 'Yes'. Any hesitation on your part will send out loud warning signals to the interviewer. 

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66. Are you competitive? Is that good or bad?

I'm quite a competitive person, but not overly so. I'd say the person I compete with most is myself. I work hard to achieve the goals and targets I set myself. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a difficult question to answer as competitiveness is a trait that can be both positive and negative. Almost all people that achieve success - in any field - will extol the virtues of a healthy amount of competitiveness. Do the same in your answer without getting carried away. Over-competitive employees sometimes have difficulty getting along with their colleagues. 

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67. How do you cope with taking instructions?

I'm good at taking instructions. One of the reasons I'm a good team player is because I can accept the lead and guidance of a supervisor. It's also important to me to accept the advice of colleagues from whose experience I can learn. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is assessing how manageable an employee you will be. The interviewer is trying to weed out candidates that may have problems with authority or a general stubbornness towards taking instructions. 

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68. Have you ever terminated an employee? Why?

Yes, I have. Terminating an employee is a difficult task but it's one of the responsibilities of leadership. I was responsible for the performance of my team and the person I terminated was having an adverse effect on the rest of the team. He was persistently underperforming and he refused offers of advice and further training. After his departure there was a noticeable improvement in team morale and productivity. The candidate I hired to replace him was a tremendous success. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess your managerial experience, in particular with regard to one of the less palatable tasks that come with responsibility. If your answer is positive, be sure to explain to the interviewer the rationale behind your decision and how your team/firm benefited from termination. 

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69. Can you work in a team?

Absolutely. I feel very comfortable working in a team. I feel I have the necessary skills to communicate my own ideas and also to illicit contributions from my fellow team members. It's hard to imagine a project I've worked on where teamwork has not been key. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

There is only one answer to this question - Yes. If you're not a team player, it will be difficult to land the job. If you tell the interviewer that you're not a team player, it will be impossible to land the job. Take this opportunity to explain what makes you a great team player. 

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70. Would you be willing to take a pay decrease?

I am not opposed to taking a pay cut, under the right circumstances. If I could be compensated by other benefits or if there is a strong possibility of achieving promotions within the organization, I would be willing to negotiate.

Not really. I have worked extremely hard to climb the salary ladder and I do not want to undermine those efforts. I believe that the salary I'm trying to achieve is very reasonable and in line with industry standards. Of course, I am willing to negotiate a salary within reasonable limits.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to establish your willingness to negotiate a salary with the company. Does your desire to work with the company overcome your desire to increase your salary? If your answer is negative, try to justify it with a positive spin, e.g. that your salary is highly competitive as it is. 

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71. How often are you late for work?

As little as possible. I always err on the side of being early. I dislike being late for any occasion. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

No employer wants to hear that a prospective employee is regularly late. Tardiness is a sign of a bad attitude and perhaps of a more deep-rooted problem that could strike in the future. 

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72. You've been out of work for a long time, haven't you?

I chose to spend time evaluating my options before deciding on my next career move. I have been offered jobs since my last employment but I wanted to wait until I found a job that fulfilled my career goals. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This can be a very difficult question to answer. Evaluate your situation carefully and consider all the reasons you have been out of work. In this day and age many people take brief career breaks. Do not be afraid to state this in an interview. Highlight any achievements (e.g. travel, personal projects) you made between jobs as these can speak to new abilities you gained between jobs. 

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73. What did you dislike most about your last job?

If I was forced to name a dislike about my last company, I'd say it was their lack of commitment towards employee training and advancement. I know that XYZ Corp have an excellent corporate training program and it has a reputation for rewarding outstanding employees. I'm certainly not over-ambitious but I would relish the challenge of working to the best of my abilities within such a rewarding environment.

I enjoyed my last job very much and I really don't have any feelings of dislike towards it. The reason I decided to leave was because I wanted to join a multinational company where I could expand my horizons and broaden my experience on an international platform.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to anticipate problems you may present based on your previous employment. If you decide to mention a dislike, make sure you list only one. It is acceptable to say you had no dislikes, but your answer will be stronger if you qualify it. 

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74. What did you like most about your last job?

I really enjoyed my time at ABC & Co. It was a great company, with a lot of very talented people. I was probably most impressed by their training program. The three training courses I was allowed to take definitely added to my skills and enabled me to improve my job performance. However I felt it was time to move on and take the skills I have learned and apply them in a more challenging environment. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Interviewers look for candidates that will fit in as easily as possible. The best answer to this question is that you enjoyed everything about your previous job. You can highlight your favorite element or aspect of the job. Be wary of making your previous job sound too idyllic or you will draw a follow-up question as to why you are leaving. 

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75. What is the most difficult challenge you've faced? How did you resolve it?

When I assumed the role of Regional Development Manager at ABC Corp, team morale was low, users were dissatisfied, and deadlines were repeatedly being missed. The first step I took was to set a realistic timeline for improving the situation. I knew that creating unrealistic expectations would only increase the chances of failure and exacerbate the situation. Next, I re-organized the team structure to improve customer and product focus. I also worked with the business users to prioritize the work schedule. This allowed us to reduce the number of products we were developing, which in turn enabled us to better focus on our core deliverables. Six months later the business users were happy and the team was happy. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a terrific opportunity to shine. You should certainly prepare an answer to this question prior to the interview. If your mind goes blank during the interview you will give an impression of inadequate interview preparation and hint at a lack of challenging experience in your past. 

 

76. What accomplishment has given you most satisfaction? Why?

I joined XYZ Corp as a junior administrator. At the time I was very 'green' and knew very little about the business. However I enjoyed what I did and decided to learn more. I worked extra hours, attended training courses in my own time, and worked closely with experienced members of the team to gain from their knowledge. I now manage a team of three people and have a recognized qualification in Customer Relationship Management. I'm proud that I've accomplished these achievements through my own endeavor and hard work. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a great opportunity to impress the interviewer. You should certainly prepare an answer to this question prior to the interview. If you have to strain to think of a suitable incident during the interview, the interviewer will assume that you've got very little to be satisfied about.

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77. Describe a situation where you've used your initiative to solve a problem.

I once received two last minute requests from separate managers. The reports required by each were quite different, and there was no way that I could deliver both reports on time. Rather than get to the work straight away and hope that a miracle happened, I instead went back to each manager and suggested changes to their requirements that would provide a better solution for them. Of course, the improvements I suggested also brought the reports closer together. By increasing the overlap of the reports, I managed to reduce the effort required and produced both improved reports ahead of time. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a gilt-edged opportunity to impress the interviewer. You should certainly prepare an answer to this question prior to the interview. If you have to 'hum' and 'haw' in front of the interviewer while trying to think of a suitable experience, she will assume that you've got very little to boast about. 

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78. How would your subordinates describe you?

I think they would describe me as being a tough but fair boss who is easy to approach, open to suggestions, and driven to achieving success. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to assess how your future subordinates will look upon you based on the views of those at your last job. This is an opportunity for the interviewer to get an insight into your managerial approach and skills. 

 

79. How do you feel about your current employer?

I very much enjoyed my time at ABC & Co. We parted on very good terms and I still have some great friends there. I learnt a lot during my stay at the company - it was a very rewarding experience. I decided to leave because I wanted to move to a company with greater ambitions where I could continue to fulfill my career goals. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Be honest in your appraisal of your former employer. You should not be too critical or too gushing. Use this opportunity to describe the skills you attained at your previous employment. You should also state the terms, hopefully good, which you currently enjoy with your former employer. 

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80. What difficult decisions have you made?

A difficult decision I've made recently was to leave ABC & Co. I enjoyed my job and I'd learnt a lot during my three years with the firm. Although I thought long and hard about my decision to move on, this decision was made all the more difficult when I was offered a promotion and pay rise in return for staying with the firm. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This question could and should be prepared ahead of the interview. It is a great chance to give the interviewer an insight into your analytical skills and your ability to take responsibility for tough decisions. 

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81. What would your references say about you?

I'm sure my references will be very complimentary. They will likely state that I'm a very hard-working, conscientious employee with a strong desire to succeed, who operates at her best in a team-centric environment. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Provided that you've worked for a few years, you should have some strong referees on your resume. Most people will use this question as an opportunity to extol their own virtues, and hope that their referees do likewise. 

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82. Does your current employer know that you've been interviewing for another job?

Answer 1: No. I'm sure they're aware of my discontentment, however, I do not plan to tell them that I'm interviewing. Once I have a firm job offer that meets my expectations I will announce my decision to leave.

Answer 2: Yes, I have an excellent relationship with my current employers and felt it was only fair to allow them to start preparing for my position to be vacated. I was offered an increased salary in return for staying, which I turned down. I'm confident it's time to move on.

Advice from the recruitment consultant

In most cases your employer will not know that you are interviewing. If you state that your employer is aware of your intention to depart, your interviewer will immediately wonder why they are not doing more to retain your services. Be prepared for such a follow-up question. 

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83. What has been you favorite job?

It's hard to pick a single favorite job because there's been aspects of every job that I've enjoyed, each for different reasons. My ideal job would involve working in a challenging environment for an ambitious, forward-moving company. I get most satisfaction from a job well done, and from contributing to the success of a progressive organization. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Your answer can lead to trickier questions such as 'If it was so good, why did you leave the job?' and 'What was your worst job?'. Your answer will also cause the interviewer to use your favorite job as an indication of your demands and expectations of any new job. A better answer could involve selecting your favorite aspects of a number of jobs. Alternatively you could highlight the features of your ideal job.

Remember even though the question seems to refer to your job history, the interviewer is in fact trying to find out more about you. However you answer the question make sure to promote yourself as best you can.

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84. Will your employer be surprized that you're leaving?

I think they will be surprized, but not shocked. My managers have been aware of my desire to take a more senior role, with greater responsibilities, and more managerial supervision. However opportunities for such advancements are not frequent in such a relatively small firm with a large number of long-standing senior staff. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Unless there is bad feeling, most employees will have discussed the reasons that led to their decision to start interviewing with their existing employers (e.g. lack of advancement, training, poor salary etc). Of course, the decision to leave is not conveyed to the existing employer until a firm job offer is on the table. 

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85. Have you ever turned down a salary increase?

No, I work hard and I'm grateful if my efforts justify a salary increase. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Unsurprisingly, the answer to this question will almost always be an emphatic 'No'. The most likely reason for turning down a salary increase is if the terms under which you were offered it were dubious or unethical. Foruntately such occasions are extremely rare. 

 

86. Have you ever turned down a promotion?

No, I haven't. I've worked hard to achieve the promotions I've received and have always felt I was the right woman for the job. However, if I was ever offered a promotion for which I was sure I wasn't ready, I'd like to think I would have the courage to decline the offer at that moment but to be reconsidered if the situation arose in the future. I would not put myself in a position where I jeopordised the people working for me, or those for whom I worked, for the sake of vanity. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a very tough question. Most people will never be in a situation where they would consider turning down a promotion. However, many employees would respect an employee who were aware of their own limits. 

 

87. What job have you really disliked?

I haven't disliked any of my past jobs. Obviously I've preferred some jobs to others but each job has presented a different set of challenges and I've enjoyed each for different reasons. Often the toughest jobs are also the ones where I've learnt most. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to discover what kind of work you dislike. She is also trying to assess any bad attitudes you may have towards working in such environments. The interviewer is particularly interested in any risks these attitudes may bring to this job. Don't be negative and don't slate a past work experience.

There is no such thing as a bad work experience. All experience, even that which we perceive to be tough, can teach us a great deal. Give an example of a difficult job you've had, how you dealt with it and what you learnt from the experience.

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88. Have you ever been disciplined by your supervisor or employer?

In my very first job after college I was disciplined for being late for work too often. I feel the disciplinary action was very harsh, at the same time I realised there was room for improvement in my attendance. I changed my working hours immediately, making a conscious effort to arrive for work by eight AM. My manager commended the change in my behaviour and it's a habit I maintain to date. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

You should give an honest answer to this question as the truth could easily come out before - or even worse after - employment. If the answer to this question is 'yes', you should be sure to provide a strong explanation. 

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89. Would you like your supervisor's job?

Naturally I'd like to be promoted through the company. However, this is a goal rather than an expectation. I hope that by working hard and proving my value to the firm I'll be rewarded with more responsibility. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Don't be tempted to fall into the trap of a glib one-word answer. Sell yourself by using this opportunity to notify the interviewer of your qualities such as ambition and work ethic. 

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90. What did you think of your last manager?

My last supervisor was a highly competent project leader and an excellent people manager. He fostered a spirit of training among his team, which resulted in my attendance of three training courses, and he led by example. I feel that I learned a lot from him. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Unless you feel you are unable to do so, you should not say anything negative about your previous employer as there is a strong chance it will reflect badly on you. A skilled interviewee can use this question to promote themselves. 

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91. How do you define 'success'?

That's very easy. For me, success is achieved if you attain the goals you have set for yourself or the goals that have been set for you. I believe that's true whether you're talking about a student, a managing director or even a large corporation. I know that ABC Corp has set itself the target of being the number one telecoms firm in the country within five years. If the firm achieves that goal, it will most certainly be judged 'a success'. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

There is a subtle difference between this question and How do you measure 'success'? The former asks what it means to you for something to be successful. The latter asks what you use to measure your own personal success.

Success means different things to different people. If you've done your homework, you can impress the interviewer by referring to the company mission statement (or corporate goals etc) in your response

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92. How have your career goals changed over time?

For me, the most important aspect of goal-setting is to always keep your goals fresh, and to ensure you're always challenged. My career goals have changed and developed over time to match my progress. For example, when I was promoted to a management role earlier than I anticipated, I set myself new goals to ensure that I would have new aims and aspirations relevant to the role. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a very straightforward question. The most important thing to keep in mind is that employers like goal-driven people that like to challenge themselves. Admitting that you don't have any career goals would be tantamount to telling the interviewer that you're the wrong person for the job. Use this opportunity to show the interviewer that you're a hard-working individual who regularly exceeds both personal goals and goals set for you by others. 

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93. What do you expect to be doing five years from now? What are your medium-term career goals?

I would like to be in a managerial role, ideally working closely with external clients. I have worked in client-facing roles for more than two years and I enjoy the challenge of keeping the customer satisfied. I think it's something I'm good at. I would also like to take on additional responsibility within this area, and possibly other areas such as _____. Finally, I'd like to be on the right career path towards eventually becoming a Senior Manager within the company. I'm very aware that these are ambitious goals, however I feel through hard work and dedication they are quite attainable. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer is trying to gauge your ambition and your desire to succeed. She is also attempting to discover how much thought you have given to your future career plans.

Avoid glib responses such as To have your job or To be a manager. Quantify your aspirations and how you plan to go about achieving them.

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94. What are the most important rewards you expect in your career?

Being a valuable part of a successful organization is a reward in itself. Within the organization I feel that advancement and responsibility are suitable rewards. While salary is important, I hope it would reflect my role and responsibilities within the firm. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

Expressing the rewards you hope to achieve will give the interviewer an insight into the strength of your ambition and your desire to succeed. Be ambitious in your aspirations without being unreasonable

¡¡

95. What is most important to you - salary or advancement?

Answer 1:

Of course, salary is important, but I don't believe that it's the most important aspect of any job. I'd rather be promoted with the aim of making a greater contribution to the firm's goals. Ideally I would hope that my salary would reflect my position within the company and the contribution I made to the organization.

Answer 2:

Could you tell me more about how salary or advancement occurs within the company?

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a tough question but not a trick one. You should be honest in expressing your preference, providing you are willing to back it up with solid reasoning. Be wary of coming across as greedy or power-hungry. 

¡¡

96. What are your ideal job specifications?

My ideal job would involve working in a challenging environment for an ambitious, forward-moving company. I get most satisfaction from a job well done, and contributing to the success of a progressive organization. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

The interviewer will try to match the description of your ideal job with the job on offer. Do not be too specific in your description. 

¡¡

97. What size organization do you prefer to work for? Why?

There are advantages to working for a small company and advantages to working for a large company. Size is not the critical factor when I choose an employer. It's more important to me that the organization I work for is an ambitious, forward-moving company. I want to help it attain it's goals and contribute towards it's growth and development. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

In some questions, the key to a great answer is in understanding the importance of the context in which the question is posed. This is one such question. Measure your answer to this question in light of the company you are interviewing for. It would be unwise, to say the least, if you express a preference for small companies while interviewing for a multi-national and vice versa. 

¡¡

98. Are you willing to travel?

Yes, I enjoy traveling a lot. I realize there's a big difference between traveling for leisure purposes and on business, nonetheless I would be very interested in visiting other cities/countries/offices and would look upon it as a learning experience. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

You should be honest in your answer to this question. There are very few jobs where this question would have a bearing on the interview. However, if you were to say that you were willing to travel in an interview, but then refused once you joined the firm, you would likely create an environment of mistrust with your new employers. In almost every case, you are asked this question for informational purposes only. 

¡¡

99. Would you be willing to relocate, if required?

Yes, I've lived in Austin for three years but I would be open to the possibility of relocating to another city.

or

I'm afraid not. I just moved to Fort Lauderdale last year along with my family. At this point I wouldn't like to uproot them so soon.

or

I hadn't planned to relocate, but depending upon the timing and circumstances I would certainly give it serious thought if the opportunity arose. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

This is a very personal question and one to which you must give serious thought. If you had not considered the possibility of relocating before the interview, remain calm and let the interviewer know that you were not sure and while not ruling it out, you would like to give it some more thought. Otherwise, answer the question truthfully. If relocation were an imperative part of the job for which you're applying, you would have been told by the firm's human resources representative, your agent or recruiter before the interviewer. 

¡¡

100. Do you expect to work regular hours?

Would working irregular hours cause a problem?

I don't have a problem working overtime. I understand that in today's competitive marketplace there is a need for flexibility in regard to working hours. 

Advice from the recruitment consultant

In today's modern working environment most jobs require flexibility with respect to your working hours. By expressing your willingness to work irregular hours or do overtime you will impress upon the interviewer your eagerness to succeed and contribute to the firm. 

  

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V. Co-op Program¿¡ ´ëÇÏ¿©


Co-op ProgramÀº ¸» ±×´ë·Î »êÇÐÇùµ¿ ProgramÀ̶ó »ý°¢ÇÏ½Ã¸é µÉ °Í °°½À´Ï´Ù.

1. Co-op ProgramÀÇ ºÐ·ù
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4) Volunteer work place ÁÖ¼±

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2. ÁÖÀ§ÀÇ ¾Æ´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¸ð¾Æ¶ó
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Sample thank you letter. (Update your letter with position specific information.)

¡¡


Dear Hiring Authority:
Thank you for the opportunity to discuss your opening for an auditor. I enjoyed meeting both you and Barbara Toll and learning more about Gold Star, its current activities and upcoming projects.
I was particularly impressed with Gold Star's strong commitment to innovation and employee satisfaction and productivity. Your new volunteer program is a creative example of your company's belief that corporations should be vitally connected to their communities—a sentiment I wholeheartedly support. I would welcome the opportunity to be a part of this culture and work at your firm.
I believe that my academic training at Rutgers and my experience working in the accounting department at LYP Jeans Company last summer qualify me for the position. In addition, my extensive knowledge of computer systems would be especially valuable as an auditor with your firm.
I look forward to hearing from you soon. In the meantime, please call me if I can provide more information or answer any additional questions.
Sincerely,
¡¡

Candidate
¡¡

¡¡

¡¡


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VI. ¹Ì±¹¿¡ Ãë¾÷Çϱâ À§ÇÑ  Visaµé


a. General:
Getting your work visa can be one of three things: A very simple straight-forward process (TN visa), a two to three month process (H1 visa), or a 4 to 5 year process (Green Card). I will assume you want the simple straight-forward process. The question becomes one of eligibility. In a nut-shell, if you are a professional with a 4 year bachelor degree, your job is one of those listed on the Qualifying TN Professions, and you have a job offer on company letterhead, your best bet is to get what is called a TN-1 visa. If you have a degree, but your profession is not listed on this list, you may have to consider the H1-B visa.

For those of you who have a specific question for the INS, the Pembina North Dakota DIRECT number is 701-825-6722. Expect busy signals. Once the phone actually rings, an INS official will answer. Remember, these guys/girls are on the phone ALL day, so be polite, and have your specific question well thought out. If you were planning on having a detailed conversation with him/her, do not call. Instead, ask for his/her name, when they are on shift at the Pembina location, and make the one hour trip to the POE (Point of Entry) station. People that I have dealt with were always friendly, polite, knowledgeable, and patient.

INS border officers will not provide guarantees on any particular visa situation when asking over the phone, or in person. They can only make such an evaluation when applying for the visa itself. Do NOT ask the INS official to break the rules (which are, by the way, immigration LAWS). In other words, if you are trying to get a TN visa as a SYSTEMS ANALYST and you have a 1 year "certificate", or Novell Certification, or MS Certification and 5 years experience, there is a 100% chance you will NOT be granted a TN visa. The same with having a 2 year diploma and 2.5 years experience - again - look carefully at the requirements (shown at the end of the page). If you meet the requirements, you will be granted a visa. If you are "borderline", or your definition of experience differs from theirs, then you might have a problem.

I get e-mails from people daily stating that they want to move to the USA "really badly", but simply put, will not be granted a visa based on either education requirements, or work experience requirements. Getting a work visa (TN visa specifically) is not like trying to convince an employer that you are really good at what you do. It is a process that tries to determine whether you meet a set of criteria which is part of immigration law. (Interpretation of such immigration laws is the very reason we have immigration Attorneys!). If you feel, or are unsure if you will obtain such a visa, post your question to a very well know immigration website: Joseph Grasmick's Immigration Forum. This forum is monitored by Joe himself (an immigration lawyer) as well as many other knowledgeable people. Do not expect free specific legal advise. However, most answers posted here are accurate and correct.

If you are not sure if you would qualify for a TN visa, or would like to explore obtaining a different visa (such as the H1-B visa), I can recommend the following immigration lawyer. Do not call him for free advise. However, his rates are reasonable. He works just outside of the Minneapolis area:

TN visas are once again being issued to nurses for a full 1 year. For a short period, they were only being granted for 6 months at a time. As far as I know, 6 month restrictions are still be placed on physiotherapists, and other medical fields.


b. TN-1 Visas:

NAFTAÁ¶¾à¿¡ ÀÇÇØ ij³ª´Ù ½Ã¹Î±ÇÀڷμ­ INS¿¡ ¸í½ÃµÈ ƯÁ¤ÇÑ ±â¼ú(Àü¹®Á÷)À» °¡ÁøÀÚ°¡ ¹Ì±¹¿¡¼­ Ãë¾÷ÄÚÀúÇÒ ¶§ ÃëµæÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â 1³âÂ¥¸®ÀÇ Ãë¾÷ ºñÀÚÀÌ´Ù. Àϳâ ÈÄ¿£ ´Ù½Ã Àç¹ß±ÞÀ» ¹Þ¾Æ¾ßÇϸç Å©¸°Ä«µå¿Í ´Ù¸£´Ù. ¸¹Àº ij³ªµð¾ðµéÀÌ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ Ãë¾÷ÇÒ ¶§ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ºñÀÚÀÌ´Ù.


A listing of jobs that qualify for TN-1 visas can be found below. You may also want to check out some NAFTA notes found at The Law Offices of Joseph C. Grasmick's WEB site. It contains some very clear information. The TN-1 Visa is obtained right at the border crossing. If you meet this criteria, there is no need to travel to the border in advance of your actual move to the USA. In fact, they will not issue TN-1 visas any earlier than 2 weeks prior to you starting work. You do NOT need a lawyer to do any work for you if you are getting a TN-1 visa. Both Brenda and myself currently reside in Minneapolis on TN-1 visas. You may elect to travel down to the Emerson border crossing a week or two before you are actually scheduled to move. When one refers to getting a TN-1 visa, you actually receive a document labeled an "I-94". On this I-94 card (sample shown below), they will stamp your arrival to the USA (current date), and mark "class: TN", with an expiry date 364 days forward. On the reverse of this card, it will list the authorized place of employment. This card is normally stapled to a page within your Canadian passport.

The actual NAFTA document (for TN's and TD's) is available online at the INS WEB site

I have received a few e-mails from people who otherwise would have been offered employment with a US-based firm, but instead were brushed off because such companies felt they had to deal with a "visa situation". If you, yourself, have determined that you qualify to obtain a TN-1 visa (simply check the table shown below), there really is no work involved for the employer. Your employer MUST be informed that you will be working for them on a temporary work visa though. A true statement to give to your potential employer could be:

"Due to my professional standing, no special visas are required for me for this position. I will require a standard offer letter stating the start date of the position, the position description, and the wage. The offer letter must also state that there are no current or anticipated labour disputes, and must state it is for a 1 year term."

The potential employer may question the part about the "1 year term", but simply reply that you must obtain a new I-94 entry card once per year, and will require a new letter once per year. The position itself can be permanent, but the employment offering on a TN visa can only be in one year increments. You will be able to work continuously for this firm, without work stoppage, etc. You will need to return to the Canada-USA border to get your new I-94 (showing "TN-1 status") before 365 days have past. Normally, most people from Minneapolis drive up to Pembina on a given weekend, get the new visa, and then go to Winnipeg for a weekend visit. Alternatively, you can renew your visa by mail.

Only the person obtaining the work visa may work. Trade Dependant visas (TD) are issued to any other remaining family members (married spouses and children 21 years and under). This entitles such dependants to reside in the USA for as long as the person working has a valid TN visa. Under the current rules of NAFTA (chapter 16), trade dependants simply can NOT work in the USA. Special "F" type visas may be granted to TD children of the TN parent(s) that are attending a university of college if such work is at the college. Careful consideration should be made, and the questions asked: Will my spouse want to work? Are my kids approaching an age where they would want to work part-time after school? A solution to this is to first obtain a TN visa, move to the USA, and they have your company sponsor you for a Green Card. A Green Card, when obtained (expect to wait 2-4 years for processing!), is a family unit visa showing permanent residence - and allows all family members to freely seek employment while in the USA. Also note that the INS does NOT recognize a "common-law spouse". You will be asked to provide proof of marriage (marriage certificate) and birth certificates for children, or other official documents proving you are the legal guardians.


TN Checklist - Make sure you bring the following (for each person WORKING):

Passport, or other primary identification (such as birth certificate) - no photocopies
Offer of Employment (original, on company's letterhead). Specific TN-1 details, and a sample letter found here!
Must be dated
Good idea to state "There are no current or anticipate labor disputes at..."
Must state your wage, and wage period (ie weekly, annually) including any possible bonuses, etc
Must state the employment offer is temporary, starting on start date and ending on end date. The total period can not exceed 1 year.
Start date must be within two weeks of your application for this TN-1 visa. (Different border INS officials seem to have different rules. Ours told us specifically "2 weeks". However, we have heard from other people that if it is raining outside, with a light west wind, this time frame can be 3, 2, or even 1 week)
Must state the position. This position MUST be exactly as one of the positions shown in the table of qualifying TN positions shown below. "Computer Systems Analyst" would qualify. "Computer Programmer" would NOT qualify. Make sure this is correct or the offer letter is useless.
It is a good idea for the letter to include a paragraph briefly describing your duties. These duties should coincide with the duties normally expected of that professional job. The INS uses something called DOT (Dictionary of Occupational Titles) descriptions for jobs. A short list of the most common jobs that are being used for TN visas are available at Grasmick.Com.
An optional letter, commonly called a "Letter of Support", addressed to US Immigration can be helpful to describe the exact duties of your position, if such duties are not clearly described in your Offer of Employment. This letter would be written by the employer. If the position you will be working in is clearly defined in the offer letter, this optional letter is not normally needed.
$56.00 U$D (cash) per TN visa (price subject to change) who is working
Proof of education and qualifications (original degree certificate, and/or original college/university transcript). I highly recommend having your transcript available.
Any other requirements, dependant on position shown in TN-1 table below.
IMPORTANT: Remember, if you are applying for a TN visa, your intentions on residing in the USA are temporary. A common question asked by an INS official at the border might be "What are you planning on doing after your 1 year TN visa runs out?" - The correct answer is "Return to Canada, unless the company offers to extend the position after the 1 year has passed.". If you reply "Hmmm, I plan on buying a house, and staying there permanently by getting my Green Card..." - they can, and WILL actually DENY your entry based on this intention. Be VERY CAREFUL when replying to such questions
WARNING: Jobs classified as COMPUTER PROGRAMMER do NOT qualify for a TN-1 visa. If you have accepted a position for such work, your offer of employment must state the position to be for a COMPUTER SYSTEMS ANALYST, and your duties must be that of a Systems Analyst. A Systems Analyst (DOT definition) is currently the only IT related position that qualifies for a TN-1 visa.

That's it! If you have a specific question regarding obtaining a TN via, e-mail me at the address shown below, and I will try and answer.

TIP: Your offer of employment MUST indicate that the job you are to be doing is one of the qualifying jobs, and it must state the starting and ending date (for a period of no longer than one year), and state the salary (or hourly) wage. Once I find my old letter, I will post it here as a sample. The letter must also state that "there are no current labour disputes ..."

TN-1 Advantages: They are cheap. They are instant at the border crossing. They require virtually no paperwork or lawyers. Even though they are not "renewable", you can easily get a new one each year.
TN-1 Disadvantages: They are only good for 1 year. After one year, you must return to Canada (or at least the border!), and obtain a new TN-1 visa. You can do this for years on end though. You do not actually get the TN-1 visa until you are at border, which can be a cause for some anxiety (at least it was for us!)

¡¡

Sample TN Offer Letter:
¡¡

Letterhead for ABC Company
123 Anystreet, Anytown, Anystate
Phone 555-555-1234, Fax 555-555-5678

November 27, 2000

¡¡

To the US Immigration and Naturalization Services

Dear Sir or Madam:

Re: TN Petition for BOB SMITH

We are writing to request that BOB SMITH be granted TN status for the position of SYSTEMS ANALYST.

We would like to employ Mr. BOB SMITH as a SYSTEMS ANALYST, reporting to JOHN DOE, Director of Information Services. This NAFTA qualifying position is described in the DOT category "030.167-014 SYSTEMS ANALYST (profess. & kin.)". 

In this position, Bob Smith will be required to perform the following duties:

  • Analyze end-user requirements, document and develop solutions using computer technology
  • Write detailed requirements which will then be developed into specific technical requirements using computer technology
  • Prepare time and cost estimates, and monitor projects using standard project management tools.
  • Study existing computer hardware and software, and provide input on improvement of such hardware and software
  • Work with our existing IT staff in providing assistance in software development, creating of test plans, installation plans, and other project direction.

This position requires an individual with a related degree.  Based on Bob Smith’s education and experience, he is ideally suited for this position. We believe Mr. Smith qualifies for TN status, as outlined in section 214(e) of the North American Free Trade Agreement. We believe Mr. Smith meets the requirements to be admitted as a SYSTEMS ANALYST with the duties which are outlined and described by the Department of Labor's Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT). He is a professional as outlined in the regulations 8 CFR 214.6.

We require his services temporarily for a one year period, starting 12/15/2000 and ending no later than 12/14/2001 contingent upon INS approval of this petition. Once this temporary employment has completed we fully expect Bob Smith to return to Canada.  Mr. Smith’s employment will comply with all applicable local, state, and federal laws. He will earn an annual salary of $60,000 plus standard company benefits as outlined in his employee handbook. There are currently no labor disputes, nor are any anticipated at ABC Company.  Mr. Smith has provided us evidence that he is a Canadian citizen and will provide you original documents showing proof of citizenship and proof of suitable education for this position.

ABC Company is publicly traded company (NYSE: ABC) based in Minneapolis and was established in 1973.  We are one of the 10 largest manufacturing facilities in Minnesota, with offices world-wide, employing over 4,000 employees in the USA, and 2,000 additionally in our international offices. ABC Company manufactures widgets, with annual world-wide sales of $300 million dollars.

Should any further information be required, I can be reached at 612-555-1234 (during regular business hours), or at 612-555-6789 (after regular business hours).

Very truly yours,

(sign)

JANE DOE,

Director of Human Resources.

/jd

¡¡

Qualifying TN-1 VISA Positions
(All positions shown below require a 4 year baccalaureate degree in the related field, unless otherwise specified).
  • Accountant (baccalaureate, CPA, CA, CGA, or CMA)
  • Agriculturist/Agronomist
  • Animal breeder
  • Animal Scientist
  • Apiculturist
  • Architect (baccalaureate or state/provincial license. Also see Landscape Architect, below)
  • Astronomer
  • Biochemist
  • Biologist
  • Chemist
  • Systems Analyst Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • post secondary diploma *** (see below!) and three years experience
  • Dairy Scientist
  • Dentist (DDS, DMD, or state/provincial license)
  • Dietician (baccalaureate or state/provincial license)
  • Disaster Relief Insurance Claims Adjuster Must have:
    • baccalaureate or 3 years' experience in claims adjustment, and
    • completed training in appropriate areas of insurance adjustment pertaining to disaster relief claims
  • Economist
  • Engineer (baccalaureate or state/provincial license)
  • Entomologist
  • Forester (baccalaureate or state/provincial license) (Also see Sylviculturist, below)
  • Geneticist
  • Geochemist
  • Geographer
  • Geologist
  • Geophysicist
  • Graphic Designer Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • post secondary diploma *and three years' experience
  • Horticulturist
  • Hotel Manager Must have:
    • baccalaureate in hotel/restaurant management or
    • post secondary diploma * in hotel/restaurant management and three years' experience in hotel restaurant management
  • Industrial Designer Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • post secondary diploma *and three years experience
  • Interior Designer Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • post secondary diploma *and three years' experience
  • Land Surveyor (baccalaureate or state/provincial/federal license)
  • Landscaping Architect
  • Lawyer (member of state/provincial bar, or LLB, JD, LLL, or BCL)
  • Librarian (MLS, or BLS. BLS must be one for which another baccalaureate degree was a pre-requisite)
  • Management Consultant Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • five years' experience in consulting or related field.
  • Mathematician
  • Medical Technologist/Medical Lab Technologist (Canada)/ Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • post secondary diploma *and three years' experience
    • (U.S. job must be in a laboratory to perform chemical, biological, hematological, immunologic, microscopic, or bacteriological tests, and analyses for diagnosis, treatment or prevention of disease)
  • Meteorologist
  • Nurse, Registered (must have state/provincial license) Note: In Minnesota, you will be able to accept employment providing you have your Manitoba nursing license. However, before you can practise, you must write the Minnesota State Board Exam.
  • Nutritionist
  • Occupational Therapist (baccalaureate or state/provincial license)
  • Oceanographer
  • Pharmacist (baccalaureate or state/provincial license)
  • Pharmacologist
  • Physician (teaching and/or research only, MD or state/provincial license)
  • Physicist
  • Physio/Physical Therapist (baccalaureate or state/provincial license)
  • Plant Breeder
  • Poultry Scientist
  • Psychologist (must have state/provincial license. Cannot qualify with just baccalaureate degree)
  • Range Manager/Range Conservationist
  • Recreational Therapist
  • Research Assistant (baccalaureate and must work in a post-secondary educational institute)
  • Social Worker
  • Soil Scientist
  • Statistician
  • Sylviculturist/Forestry Specialist (also see Forester, above)
  • Teacher (baccalaureate degree: must be coming to work for a college, seminary or university only); no secondary or elementary school teaching.
  • Technician or Technologist, Scientific. (E.g.: Electronic engineering technician.) Must:
    • work in direct support of professionals in one of these disciplines:
      • biology
      • chemistry
      • engineering
      • forestry
      • geology
      • geophysics
      • meteorology
      • physics
    • possess theoretical knowledge of discipline, and
    • solve practical problems in discipline, or apply principles of the discipline to basic or applied research
  • Urban Planner
  • Veterinarian (DVM, DMV, or state/provincial license)
  • Vocational Counselor
  • Writer, Technical Publications (Technical Publications Writer) Must have:
    • baccalaureate or
    • post secondary diploma *and three years' experience
  • Zoologist

*** - Systems Analyst (DOT definition) - a post secondary diploma of at least 2 years of study is required. The Red River Community College 2 year program Computer/Analyst Programmer qualifies. In addition, you MUST have 3 full years of experience in this same field, either before, during, or after your schooling has completed if you only have a diploma. (Persons with a 4 year university degree do not require any work experience.) Work experience obtained during your study period can qualify if such a position is a paid position, and you have a letter, or documents proving such work experience was related to this field of study. Be prepared to show proof of your three years experience by providing original documents such as employment records, letters of recommendation showing time/date range worked, etc. Your experience must be stated as a Computer Systems Analyst (or Programmer/Analyst). Experience as a "Programmer" may require immigration officials to determine if such experience, on an individual basis, relates to a Computer Systems Analyst. If they determine that such experience as a programmer does not "close enough" fit the description (as per actual NAFTA documents and regulations) of Computer Systems Analyst, they can and will deny you your TN-1 VISA.

TIP: If your experience has been strictly as a software developer (ie "Programmer"), have your current and previous employers state in the recommendation letter, or letter of employment that one of your duties was to "perform analysis...". This will clarify your role, and increase the chance of your TN-1 VISA being accepted

¡¡

c. H1-B Visas:
I am going to be honest here - I am not an expert on getting H1-B visas. All I do know is that they are expensive (expect to involve a lawyer) - and will cost you (or if you get your potential employer to pay the whole shot, great!) about $1,000 to $2,000 (or more) depending on complications. My advise for this is to go with the TN-1 visa IF YOU QUALIFY FOR ONE. When you arrive in the Twin Cities, and have established yourself, THEN look at starting the H1-B or Green Card process. If this is not possible, and you absolutely need to get an H1-B visa (in other words, only if you do not qualify for the TN-1 visa), read up on the information found on this WEB site. But keep in mind, information found here is provided by a lawyer, and they are obviously going to make it sound like a complicated processes. TIP: When you are considering offers of employment, get them to commit to paying for processing your Green Card (this is worth about $3,000 is INS and legal fees). Many employers in the Twin Cities (larger ones, at least) already have the legal staff on hand to process these for you.

Loosing your Job IMPORTANT:
Something that is many times overlooked. What happens if I get fired when I am on a TN-1 or H1-B visa? What are my rights? As a TN or H1 visa holder, you have no special rights over and above any other US resident or citizen. On the other hand, you have no LESS rights either. Your employer can not single you out during a layoff just because you are on a temporary visa with the intention of "keeping jobs for people who are US citizens". NAFTA allows you an equal opportunity. However, an employer can (and many will) let a visa expire and opt not to renew it. Many TN's run into this situation - and sometimes it comes as quite a surprise when you approach your employer a week or so before you TN expires to get a new offer letter - and they simply decline. To avoid this, discuss your expiring visa 2 or 3 months BEFORE it is to expire and get them to commit to doing a MAIL RENEWAL of your TN visa.

What to do? First, understand, that you normally have 10 days to permanently LEAVE the USA from the last day of employment or the last day your visa expires (which ever is less). Legally, during this period, you can not "look for work" while in the USA. However, if your intention is to try to secure NEW employment, before even considering looking - GET YOUR VISA CHANGED IMMEDIATELY to a B2 (Visitor) visa. This can be done with a I-539 "Requesting a Change of Status". You must do it almost instantly your TN is terminated, because it must be in the hands of the INS before the 10 days is up. It should include a note from you to indicate the reason you are requesting a change to visitor, such as "need some additional time to sell my house and wind up my affairs here after which time I will be returning to Canada". Do NOT state you are using this extra time to look for a job!

After filing the I-539 to change your status to "B2" (sent by RETURN RECEIPT MAIL, and enclosing the required check - $70 for first person, $10 for each other person on same app), now you can start looking around for your new job (or wind up your affairs if you actually plan on leaving). You should receive a "receipt" letter in a few weeks. About 3-4 months later, you will receive a response (ie denied or approved). During this waiting period, and because the INS received your I-539 request BEFORE your visa expired or WITHIN 10 days from termination of your previous employment, you are "in status" and can continue to legally reside in the USA until a decision is made.

If you find yourself a new job, return to the CANADA-USA border (which incidentally, invalidates your I-539 "Change of Status" application because the INS now consider that process abandoned when you leave US soil!) with your new offer letter, supporting docs and ID and get your new TN (and TD if applicable) visas.
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-94 Sample showing "TN" approval:

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d. Green Cards:
It is my understanding that you can not "apply" for a Green Card, and simply obtain one while a resident of Canada. A Green Card process takes from 2 to 4 years from application start date to finish, requires "labour certification", a lawyer, and between $3,00 and $4,000. If your intention is to emigrate to the USA with secured employment, either temporarily, or permanently, you first secure employment using either an TN-1 or H1-B visa, then look into the Green Card process once you are in the US of A. However, when asked by an INS official (if you have a TN visa), do NOT state you are considering getting a Green Card, or are looking at permanently moving to the USA. Your TN visa will be denied. If you already have a TN visa, it can also be revoked for such a statement or intention. For more information on the processes needed for a green card, see The Immigrant's Support Network: 123's of Employment Based Green Card Processes WEB site.

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